The video sequences shown here are recorded with a transmission electron microscope (below). The accelerating voltage was 400 kV with the structural resolution of 0.16 nm. The optical magnification of the microscope was usually set to 1000000X. The video sequences were recorded using a slow scan charged coupled device (CCD) TV camera (Gatan 622). The video were image processed, with no change in the time scale, and edited.

Scientists involved in the recordings: Professor David.Smith, Arizona State University, Dr A. K. Petford-Long, Oxford University, Dr Reine Wallenberg, Lund Univerity, Dr Jan-Olle Malm, Lund University, Professor Günter Schmid, University of Essen, Jan-Olov Bovin, Lund University.